Lean mass is commonly measured by 3 modalities, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and computerized tomography (CT). CT is considered the most accurate, while lean mass measured by DXA and BIA often consists of non-muscle compartment, and hence considered less accurate when compared with CT. It remains unclear if the association of lean mass with mortality would differ using different measurement modalities.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of lean mass and mortality was conducted. The analysis was stratified by different measurement modalities and health conditions. Pooled hazard ratios were estimated using a random effects model.
This meta-analysis included 188 studies with 98 468 participants. Reduced lean mass measured by BIA, DXA, and CT, was associated with increased risk of mortality with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.35 (95% CI, 1.21-1.49), 1.18 (95% CI, 1.06-1.30), and 1.44 (95% CI, 1.32-1.57), respectively. Similarly, low lean mass defined by BIA-, DXA-, and CT-measurement was associated with increased risk of mortality, with an HR of 1.81 (95% CI, 1.56-2.10), 1.44 (95% CI, 1.29-1.60), and 1.78 (95% CI, 1.64-1.93).
Reduced and low lean mass were robustly associated with increased mortality in studies using different measurement modalities.
Reduced and low lean mass were robustly associated with increased mortality in studies using different measurement modalities.Muscle mass is one of the key components in defining sarcopenia and is known to be important for locomotion and body homeostasis. Lean mass is commonly used as a surrogate of muscle mass and has been shown to be associated with increased mortality. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/afuresertib-gsk2110183.html However, the relationship of lean mass with mortality may be affected by different clinical conditions, modalities used, cut-off point to define low or normal lean mass, and even types of cancer among cancer patients. Thus, we aim to perform a comprehensive meta-analysis of lean mass with mortality by considering all these factors.
Systematic search was done in PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase for articles related to lean mass and mortality. Lean mass measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and computerized tomography were included.
The number of relevant studies has increased continuously since 2002. A total of 188 studies with 98468 people were included in the meta-analysis. The association of lean mass with mortality was most studied in cancer patients, followed by people with renal diseases, liver diseases, elderly, people with cardiovascular disease, lung diseases, and other diseases. The meta-analysis can be further conducted in subgroups based on measurement modalities, site of measurements, definition of low lean mass adopted, and types of cancer for studies conducted in cancer patients.
This series of meta-analysis provided insight and evidence on the relationship between lean mass and mortality in all directions, which may be useful for further study and guideline development.
This series of meta-analysis provided insight and evidence on the relationship between lean mass and mortality in all directions, which may be useful for further study and guideline development.Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a disease of the heart muscle that affects ventricular function; it is a debilitating disease that can lead to heart failure and death in children. There is a lack of good epidemiological data about paediatric DCM in Sudan or in sub-Saharan Africa.
To study the incidence, causes and outcome of DCM among children in Sudan.
A prospective cross-sectional study that was conducted in three paediatric hospitals in Khartoum state, Sudan over the period of 6?months.
During the study period, 55 children were seen with the diagnosis of DCM; The female male ratio was 1.91. The incidence of DCM in Khartoum state was found to be 1.4 cases per 100?000 children per year, 10 children (18 %) were diagnosed in the first year of their life. Twenty-seven children (49 %) showed evidence of failure to thrive, being below the fifth percentile for weight. The most common cause of DCM was found to be postviral in 27 children (49%), followed by Idiopathic in 25 children (45%). The most common presentation was the shortness of breath in 53 children (97%), on echocardiography 26 children (47 %) showed evidence of severe left ventricular impairment and 23 children (42%) showed moderate ventricular impairment. Regarding the outcome, 8 children (15%) recovered, the condition of 11 children (20%) remained static and there were 36 deaths (65%).
The incidence of DCM in Sudanese children was found to high with a higher mortality compared with middle-income and high-income countries; Improvement in the entire health system is needed to tackle this condition.
The incidence of DCM in Sudanese children was found to high with a higher mortality compared with middle-income and high-income countries; Improvement in the entire health system is needed to tackle this condition.Do therapeutic levels of cyclosporine-A and tacrolimus affect ovulation in a rat gonadotrophin-induced ovulation model?
Cyclosporine-A, but not tacrolimus, decreases ovulation rate when administered for 5?days before induced ovulation.
The mainstays of immunosuppression in solid organ transplantation, to prevent rejection, are the calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine-A or tacrolimus. These drugs could potentially affect fertility in transplanted patients. Since ovulation is an inflammation-like process with pivotal roles for several immune cells and modulators, it is possible that the calcineurin inhibitors, with broad effects on the immune system, could interfere with this sensitive, biological process.
Experimental design at university-based animal facilities. A total of 45 immature Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The study was carried out over 3?months.
Immature Sprague-Dawley rats (n?=?45) were randomly assigned to receive equivalent doses of tacrolimus (0.5?mg/kg/day; TAC), cyclosporine-A (10?mg/ish Research Council and ALF of Sahlgrenska Academy, Sweden. Rio Hortega Grant from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (CM09/00063). There are no conflicts of interest.
Swedish Research Council and ALF of Sahlgrenska Academy, Sweden. Rio Hortega Grant from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (CM09/00063). There are no conflicts of interest.